This is accomplished by photographic observation of flames in a spherical vessel. Methane–air mixtures at initial temperatures between 300 and 400 K, and pressures between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa are studied at equivalence ratios of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2. This package supersedes a previously-written transport property code package in which we used certain mixture averaging rules to compute mixture properties rather than the full multicomponent formulation.read more read lessĪbstract: Spherically expanding flames propagating at constant pressure are employed to determine the unstretched laminar burning velocity and the effect of flame stretch as quantified by the associated Markstein lengths. This package uses the chemical kinetics package CHEMKIN, and transport property subroutines are designed to be used in conjunction with the CHEMKIN subroutine library. Then, any subroutine from this library may be called to return either pure species properties or multicomponent gas mixture properties. The coefficients of these fits are passed to a library of subroutines via a linking file. The first is a preprocessor that computes polynomial fits to the temperature dependent parts of the pure species viscosities and binary diffusion coefficients. read more read lessĪbstract: This report documents a Fortran computer code package that is used for the evaluation of gas-phase multicomponent viscosities, thermal conductivities, diffusion coefficients, and thermal diffusion coefficients. emphysema) and by the mechanical properties of lung and thorax (disorders include diffuse fibrosis, kyphoscoliosis).Īssessing the total lung capacity is indispensable in establishing a restrictive ventilatory defect or in diagnosing abnormal lung distensibility, as may occur in patients …. muscle paralysis), obstruction, occlusion and compression of small airways (disorders include e.g. The level of maximal expiration (residual volume, RV) is determined by the force exerted by respiratory muscles (disorders include e.g. pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema) and the elastic properties of the thorax and adjacent structures (disorders include e.g. muscular dystrophy), the elastic recoil of the lung (disorders include e.g. The level of maximal inspiration (total lung capacity, TLC) is influenced by the force developed by the inspiratory muscles (disorders include e.g. Lung volumes and capacities are described in more detail in § 2.įactors which determine the size of the normal lung include stature, age, sex, body mass, posture, habitus, ethnic group, reflex factors and daily activity pattern. If two or more subdivisions of the total lung capacity are taken together, the sum of the constituent volumes is described as a lung capacity. The gas volumes of thorax and lung are the same except in the case of a pneumothorax. The volume of gas in the lung and intrathoracic airways is determined by the properties of lung parenchyma and surrounding organs and tissues, surface tension, the force exerted by respiratory muscles, by lung reflexes and by the properties of airways. The measurements taken during fast breathing movements are described as dynamic lung volumes and as forced inspiratory and expiratory flows. Static lung volumes are measured by methods which are based on the completeness of respiratory manoeuvres, so that the velocity of the manoeuvres should be adjusted accordingly. Abstract: Lung volumes are subdivided into static and dynamic lung volumes.
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